ComplementPathway
The complement pathway consists of a series of over thirty proteins in plasma that are part of the immune response. Activation of the complement system lyses bacterial cells, forms chemotactic peptides (C3a and C5a) attracting immune cells, and increases phagocytotic clearance of infecting cells. Complement can also increase the permeability of vascular walls and cause inflammation. Most complement proteins exist in ......閱讀全文
Complement－Pathway
The complement pathway consists of a series of over thirty proteins in plasma that are part of the immune response. Activation of the complement syste
Alternative－Complement－Pathway
The complement system of plasma proteins is an important part of the immune system that forms a cascade of factors that lyses foreign cells. There are
Classical－Complement－Pathway
The complement system is part of the defense against invading cells and is composed of about twenty different proteins found in the plasma. When activ
Lectin－Induced－Complement－Pathway
The complement cascade of proteolytic factors involved in cellular lysis can be initiated by several different factors, including antibody-dependent a
Antisense－Pathway
About 8% of human genes have been estimated to carry out transcription from both DNA strands, resulting in significant level of endogenous antisense R
Prion－Pathway
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is thought to result from the structural conversion of cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into a misfolded
Dicer－Pathway
The degradation of endogenous mRNA in a sequence-specific manner can be induced by dsRNA [RNA interfernce (RNAi)], antisense transcription, or viral i
Fibrinolysis－Pathway
Clot formation and fibrinolysis is a balance of plasmin activation/inhibition and thrombin-thrombomodulin activity that regulates fibrin polymer forma
Glycolysis－Pathway
Glycolysis was one of the first metabolic pathways studied and is one of the best understood, in terms of the enzymes involved, their mechanisms of ac
WNT－Signaling－Pathway
Wnt family members are secreted glycoproteins who bind to cell surface receptors such as Frizzled. Wnt members can play a role in the expression of ma
TPO－Signaling－Pathway
Thrombopoietin (TPO) binds to its receptor inducing aggregation and activation. TPO signals its growth regulating effects to the cell through several
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
AKT－Signaling－Pathway
Many cell-surface receptors induce production of second messengers like PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, that convey signals to the cyt
Integrin－Signaling－Pathway
Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular ma
EGF－Signaling－Pathway
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide induces cellular proliferation through the EGF receptor, which has a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain, a s
ATM－Signaling－Pathway
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) encodes a protein kinase that acts as a tumor suppressor. ATM activation by ionizing radiation damage to
EPO－Signaling－Pathway
Erythropoietin functions to increase the number of red blood cells. Thus, it has found utility as a drug for those needing to replenish erythrocytes f
Reelin－Signaling－Pathway
Reelin is an extracellular protein secreted by neurons. Reeler mice with a defective Reelin gene exhibit neuronal abnormalities in development. Mice t
Insulin－Signaling－Pathway
The appropriate signaling through the insulin pathway is critical for the regulation of glucose levels and the avoidance of diabetes. Insulin forms a
MAPKinase－Signaling－Pathway
The ever evolving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways consist of four major groupings and numerous related proteins which constitut
PDGF－Signaling－Pathway
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) plays a critical role in cellular proliferation and development. The biologically active form is a dimer formed
Phosphatidylcholine－Biosynthesis－Pathway
The main components of biological membranes are phosphoglyceride lipids composed of a glycerol unit esterified to two fatty acids and a polar alcohol
Erythrocyte－Differentiation－Pathway
Stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of hematopoietic cell types from common progenitor cells under the influence of cytokines and growth f
mTOR－Signaling－Pathway
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) appears to play a central role in signaling caused by nutrients and mitogens such as growth factors to regulate t
Ras－Signaling－Pathway
Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The
Cells－and－Molecules－involved－in－local－acute－inflammatory－response
Inflammation has several distinct components, including the localized response at the site of tissue injury or infection. Tissue injury stimulates the
補體結合反應(complement－fixation－test)技術概況
可溶性抗原，如蛋白質、多糖、類脂質和病毒等，與相應抗體結合后，抗原抗體復合物可以結合補體，但這一反應肉眼不能察覺，如再加入紅細胞和溶血素，即可根據是否出現溶血反應來判定反應系統中是否存在相應的抗原或抗體。這個反應就是補體結合反應。?補體結合反應是一種古老的血清學技術，Bordet和Gengou在19
IFN－alpha－signaling－pathway
Interferon alpha plays a role in viral infections. Signaling takes place through an IFN Recpetor complex consisting of two alpha chains (Type I recept
Trka－Receptor－Signaling－Pathway
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that stimulates neuronal survival and growth through TrkA, a member of the trk family of tyrosine k