從監管角度看細胞計數 Figure 2. Analytical method development flow diagram through stages of
cell-based product development and regulatory approval. For the purpose
of this figure, the following definitions apply: assay qualification,
determining if an assay is suitable for its intended purpose; assay
validation, assuring that the assay is suitable to its intended purpose
on a routine basis. (Courtesy of Steven Bauer, FDA)
基于現有的經驗,很多參會者推薦了國際人類用藥物技術要求協調理事會(International Council for Harmonisation
of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human
Use,ICH)的指南:“Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology
Q2(R1) for Validation of Analytical
Methods”【1】用于細胞計數方法驗證。ICH傳統上專注于藥物制造,而不是細胞治療產品。指南中描述了準確度、精密度、特異性、檢測限、定量限、線性、范圍和穩健性的概念。這個通用的驗證框架在很大程度上適用于細胞的分析測量,但對于細胞治療產品要做出一些針對性的調整。
Figure 3. Acceptability of cell counting measurements. Typical cell
counting measurements are evaluated and optimized for precision,
however, due to the lack of appropriate reference materials, accuracy is
not always well understood.
為了滿足工業界的需要,NIST近期開發出了在沒有合適對照方法和樣品的情況下,評估細胞計數方法的策略。這些方法通過系列稀釋試驗設計,評估了細胞計數方法的精密度和比例性。在這樣的實驗設計中,細胞計數結果對梯度稀釋的比例響應作為評價計數質量的內部基準【2】。這個過程不受測定方法和細胞類型的影響,提供了不依賴于“金標準”方法或參考樣品比較,就可以評估細胞計數方法質量的途徑。這個策略的目標就是解決細胞治療產品生產者在細胞計數方法轉型或者選擇“fit
for purpose”計數方法時遇到的挑戰。
Figure 4. Example of a hypothetical cell counting measurement with
in-measurement-process controls to provide evidence that the user should
have confidence in the value obtained by the measurement process. Spec,
specification; LOD, limit of detection.
[1] ICH. Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology. In:
Secretariat I, editor. ICH HarmonisedTripartite Guideline. Geneva,
Switzerland: ICH; 2005. [2] Sarkar S, Lund SP, Vyzasatya R, Vanguri P, Elliott JT, Plant AL, et
al. Evaluating the quality of a cell counting measurement process via a
dilution series experimental design. Cytotherapy 2017;19:1509–21.