【摘要】 目的 研究BNP(B型鈉尿肽)對AECOPD(慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期)患者預后的評估作用。方法 收集2008年1月—2009年1月安慶市立醫院呼吸科病房收治的AECOPD患者,對患者進行BNP檢測,用BNP水平預測患者收住ICU(重癥監護病房)的需要以及1年內的死亡率。結果 COPD患者急性加重期的BNP水平比穩定期明顯升高[651,IQR(四分位距)342~1898pg/ml VS 453,IQR 252~854pg/ml,P<0.001]。需要收住ICU治療的患者BNP水平比無需收住ICU的患者明顯升高(1052,IQR 666~5535pg/ml VS 609,IQR 311~1690pg/ml,P<0.05)。多元Cox回歸分析BNP能準確地預測患者收住ICU的需要(危險比1.13,P<0.05)。用ROC曲線評價BNP水平對AECOPD患者短期(1個月)和長期(1年)死亡率的預測能力,ROC曲線下面積分別為0.54和0.55。結論 對于AECOPD患者,急性加重期的BNP水平比穩定期明顯升高,需要收住ICU治療的患者BNP水平比無需收住的患者明顯升高,BNP能獨立預測患者收住ICU的需要,但不能預測患者短期和長期的死亡率。
【關鍵詞】 B型鈉尿肽;慢性阻塞性肺病;預后評估
[Abstract] Objective To study the role of BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) in evaluating prognosis of patients with AECOPD (acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Methods Patients with AECOPD were admitted to the respiratory wards of Anqing Municipal Hospital from January 2008 to January 2009. BNP levels were tested for predicting the needs to stay in ICU (intensive care unit) and the mortality within one year. Results BNP levels were significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation than those in patients with recovery, (651,IQR 342~1898 pg/ml vs 453,IQR 252~854 pg/ml,P<0.001).BNP levels in patients needed to stay in ICU were significantly higher than those did not(1052,IQR 666~5535 pg/ml vs 609,IQR 311~1690 pg/ml,P<0.05). BNP could accurately predict the needs of ICU stay in Multiple Cox Regression analysis (hazard ratio 1.13, P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve were 0.54 and 0.55 respectively evaluating the ability of BNP to predict the short-term (one month) and long-term (one year) mortality with ROC curve.Conclusion For patients with AECOPD, BNP levels were significantly higher in patients with acute exacerbation than those in patients with recovery and significantly higher in patients needed to stay in ICU than in those did not. BNP can accurately and independently predict the needs for ICU stay but can not predict short-term and long-term mortality.
2.1 AECOPD患者的BNP水平 與穩定期相比,AECOPD患者急性加重期的BNP水平明顯升高(651,IQR 342~1898pg/ml VS 453,IQR 252~854pg/ml,P<0.001)。同時,AECOPD患者急性加重期的氧飽和度比穩定期顯著下降(90%,IQR 88%~93% VS 96%,IQR 93%~98%,P<0.001)。同時我們觀察到AECOPD患者BNP水平與年齡(r=0.426,P<0.001)及C反應蛋白(r=0.248,P<0.001)密切相關,而與血氧飽和度(r=0.105,P>0.05),氧分壓(r=0.116,P>0.05),二氧化碳分壓(r=0.168,P>0.05)以及FEV1(r=0.106,P>0.05)無明顯關系。
2.2 BNP對收住ICU需要的預測 總共有11例患者被收住入ICU治療,需要機械通氣(8例)與使用血管升壓藥治療(3例)是進入ICU治療最常見的原因。4例患者在住院過程中死亡。需要收住ICU治療的患者BNP水平比無需收住ICU的患者明顯升高(1052,IQR 666~5535pg/ml VS 609,IQR 311~1690pg/ml,P<0.05)(見圖1)且與ICU中治療時間(r=0.216,P<0.05)和總住院時間(r=0.244,P<0.05)密切相關。需要收住ICU治療的患者的年齡、性別、并發癥、院外治療、入院時氧飽和度、AECOPD持續時間與整體研究對象人群并沒有明顯差異。單因素Cox回歸分析BNP能準確地預測患者收住ICU的需要(危險比1.11,P<0.05)。在多元分析中這種相關依然存在(危險比1.13,P<0.05)(見表1)。而住院生存組與住院死亡組之間BNP水平并無明顯差異(647,IQR 323~1958pg/ml VS 815,476~1893pg/ml,P>0.05)。
2.3 BNP對患者死亡率預測 總共有4例患者在1個月隨訪過程中死亡,24例在1年隨訪過程中死亡。 AECOPD(16例),心臟原因(6例)和肺炎(6例)是患者死亡最常見的原因。1個月隨訪過程中的死亡組和存活組之間的初始BNP水平沒有明顯差異(673 ,IQR 495~1848pg/ml VS 635,IQR 315~1945pg/ml,P>0.05)。用ROC曲線評價BNP水平對AECOPD患者短期死亡率的預測能力,ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.54。1年內隨訪過程中的死亡組和存活組之間的初始BNP水平也沒有明顯差異(812,IQR 346~1558pg/ml VS 616, IQR 324~1719pg/ml,P>0.05)。用ROC曲線評價BNP水平對AECOPD患者長期死亡率的預測能力,ROC曲線下面積(AUC)為0.55。表1 用單因素和多因素回歸分析對患者收住ICU需要的預測
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