遺傳學是指基于基因序列改變所致基因表達水平變化,如基因突變、基因丟失等;而表觀遺傳學則是指基于非基因序列改變所致基因表達水平變化,如DNA甲基化和染色質構象變化等。2018年發表在國際知名期刊NEJM(The new England journal of medicine)重磅綜述中提到,表觀遺傳學主要包括四大類[1]:
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